换热器质量模型建立-关联式函数实现、PCHE结构参数初始化

brayton_cycle/__init__.py

@@ -11,10 +11,27 @@ from .components import (
 )
 from .cycles import BraytonCycle
 from .mass_models import (
+    PCHEGeometry,
+    PCHEMaterial,
+    PCHEDesignOptions,
+    PCHE_STATE_UNIT_CONVENTION,
     calculate_condenser_mass,
     calculate_heater_mass,
     calculate_turbine_mass,
     calculate_water_outlet_temperature,
+    flow_velocity,
+    friction_factor,
+    gnielinski_f_star,
+    heat_transfer_coefficient,
+    nusselt_number,
+    overall_heat_transfer_coefficient,
+    pche_channel_flow_area,
+    pche_channel_wetted_perimeter,
+    pche_equivalent_diameter,
+    prandtl_number,
+    pressure_drop_pa,
+    reynolds_number,
+    validate_pche_state,
 )
 from .optimization import (
     optimize_rc_fixed_param,
@@ -39,19 +56,36 @@ __all__ = [
     "Concentrator",
     "Condenser",
     "Heater",
+    "PCHEGeometry",
+    "PCHEMaterial",
+    "PCHEDesignOptions",
+    "PCHE_STATE_UNIT_CONVENTION",
     "Recuperator",
     "Turbine",
     "calculate_condenser_mass",
     "calculate_heater_mass",
     "calculate_turbine_mass",
     "calculate_water_outlet_temperature",
+    "flow_velocity",
+    "friction_factor",
+    "gnielinski_f_star",
+    "heat_transfer_coefficient",
     "evaluate_rc_efficiency",
     "local_rc_component_performance_sensitivity",
     "local_rc_design_sensitivity",
+    "nusselt_number",
     "optimize_rc_fixed_param",
     "optimize_rc_param",
+    "overall_heat_transfer_coefficient",
+    "pche_channel_flow_area",
+    "pche_channel_wetted_perimeter",
+    "pche_equivalent_diameter",
     "plot_optimization_landscape",
     "plot_sweep_optimization_results",
+    "prandtl_number",
+    "pressure_drop_pa",
+    "reynolds_number",
     "scan_rc_efficiency",
     "sweep_and_optimize_rc",
+    "validate_pche_state",
 ]

brayton_cycle/mass_models.py

@@ -1,9 +1,297 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Mass-estimation models for Brayton cycle components."""
 
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 import math
 
 
+PCHE_STATE_UNIT_CONVENTION = {
+    "P": "kPa",
+    "T": "K",
+    "h": "kJ/kg",
+    "mass_flow_rate": "kg/s",
+    "density": "kg/m3",
+    "viscosity": "Pa*s",
+    "thermal_conductivity": "W/(m*K)",
+    "specific_heat": "J/(kg*K)",
+    "length": "m",
+    "area": "m2",
+    "pressure_drop": "Pa",
+    "mass": "kg",
+}
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PCHEGeometry:
+    """Default PCHE channel geometry from Yuan et al."""
+
+    channel_diameter_m: float = 0.002
+    channel_pitch_m: float = 0.0024
+    plate_thickness_m: float = 0.0015
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        _require_positive("channel_diameter_m", self.channel_diameter_m)
+        _require_positive("channel_pitch_m", self.channel_pitch_m)
+        _require_positive("plate_thickness_m", self.plate_thickness_m)
+
+    @property
+    def flow_area_m2(self):
+        return pche_channel_flow_area(self)
+
+    @property
+    def wetted_perimeter_m(self):
+        return pche_channel_wetted_perimeter(self)
+
+    @property
+    def equivalent_diameter_m(self):
+        return pche_equivalent_diameter(self)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PCHEMaterial:
+    """Default Inconel 617 material data from Yuan et al."""
+
+    density_kg_m3: float = 8360.0
+    thermal_conductivity_w_m_k: float = 21.0
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        _require_positive("density_kg_m3", self.density_kg_m3)
+        _require_positive(
+            "thermal_conductivity_w_m_k",
+            self.thermal_conductivity_w_m_k,
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PCHEDesignOptions:
+    """Numerical and design limits for the Yuan-style PCHE calculation."""
+
+    num_segments: int = 50
+    allowable_pressure_drop_ratio: float = 0.01
+    outlet_temperature_tolerance_k: float = 1.0e-3
+    max_iterations: int = 100
+    reynolds_transition: float = 2300.0
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        if self.num_segments < 1:
+            raise ValueError("num_segments must be at least 1")
+        if self.max_iterations < 1:
+            raise ValueError("max_iterations must be at least 1")
+        _require_positive(
+            "allowable_pressure_drop_ratio",
+            self.allowable_pressure_drop_ratio,
+        )
+        _require_positive(
+            "outlet_temperature_tolerance_k",
+            self.outlet_temperature_tolerance_k,
+        )
+        _require_positive("reynolds_transition", self.reynolds_transition)
+
+
+def _require_positive(name, value):
+    _require_finite(name, value)
+    if value <= 0:
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be positive")
+
+
+def _require_finite(name, value):
+    if not math.isfinite(value):
+        raise ValueError(f"{name} must be finite")
+
+
+def validate_pche_state(state, state_name="state", require_transport=False):
+    """Validate the state fields expected by the PCHE mass model."""
+    required = ("P", "T", "h")
+    missing = [key for key in required if key not in state]
+    if missing:
+        raise ValueError(f"{state_name} missing required keys: {', '.join(missing)}")
+
+    _require_positive(f"{state_name}.P", state["P"])
+    _require_positive(f"{state_name}.T", state["T"])
+    _require_finite(f"{state_name}.h", state["h"])
+
+    if require_transport:
+        transport_keys = (
+            "rho",
+            "cp_mass",
+            "mu",
+            "thermal_conductivity",
+        )
+        missing = [key for key in transport_keys if key not in state]
+        if missing:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"{state_name} missing transport keys: {', '.join(missing)}"
+            )
+        for key in transport_keys:
+            _require_positive(f"{state_name}.{key}", state[key])
+
+
+def pche_channel_flow_area(geometry=None):
+    """Return the semicircular PCHE channel flow area in m2."""
+    geometry = geometry or PCHEGeometry()
+    diameter = geometry.channel_diameter_m
+    return math.pi * diameter**2 / 8.0
+
+
+def pche_channel_wetted_perimeter(geometry=None):
+    """Return the Yuan PCHE channel wetted perimeter in m."""
+    geometry = geometry or PCHEGeometry()
+    diameter = geometry.channel_diameter_m
+    return math.pi * diameter / 2.0 + diameter
+
+
+def pche_equivalent_diameter(geometry=None):
+    """Return the Yuan PCHE equivalent diameter in m."""
+    area = pche_channel_flow_area(geometry)
+    perimeter = pche_channel_wetted_perimeter(geometry)
+    return 4.0 * area / perimeter
+
+
+def flow_velocity(
+    mass_flow_rate_kg_s,
+    density_kg_m3,
+    flow_area_m2,
+    parallel_channels=1,
+):
+    """Return average channel velocity in m/s."""
+    _require_positive("mass_flow_rate_kg_s", mass_flow_rate_kg_s)
+    _require_positive("density_kg_m3", density_kg_m3)
+    _require_positive("flow_area_m2", flow_area_m2)
+    if parallel_channels < 1:
+        raise ValueError("parallel_channels must be at least 1")
+
+    channel_mass_flow = mass_flow_rate_kg_s / parallel_channels
+    return channel_mass_flow / (density_kg_m3 * flow_area_m2)
+
+
+def reynolds_number(
+    density_kg_m3,
+    velocity_m_s,
+    hydraulic_diameter_m,
+    viscosity_pa_s,
+):
+    """Return Reynolds number."""
+    _require_positive("density_kg_m3", density_kg_m3)
+    _require_positive("velocity_m_s", velocity_m_s)
+    _require_positive("hydraulic_diameter_m", hydraulic_diameter_m)
+    _require_positive("viscosity_pa_s", viscosity_pa_s)
+    return density_kg_m3 * velocity_m_s * hydraulic_diameter_m / viscosity_pa_s
+
+
+def prandtl_number(
+    specific_heat_j_kg_k,
+    viscosity_pa_s,
+    thermal_conductivity_w_m_k,
+):
+    """Return Prandtl number."""
+    _require_positive("specific_heat_j_kg_k", specific_heat_j_kg_k)
+    _require_positive("viscosity_pa_s", viscosity_pa_s)
+    _require_positive(
+        "thermal_conductivity_w_m_k",
+        thermal_conductivity_w_m_k,
+    )
+    return specific_heat_j_kg_k * viscosity_pa_s / thermal_conductivity_w_m_k
+
+
+def gnielinski_f_star(reynolds):
+    """Return the turbulent f* term used in Yuan et al.'s Nu correlation."""
+    _require_positive("reynolds", reynolds)
+    denominator = 1.82 * math.log10(reynolds) - 1.64
+    if denominator == 0:
+        raise ValueError("reynolds gives a zero denominator in f* correlation")
+    return 1.0 / denominator**2
+
+
+def nusselt_number(reynolds, prandtl, transition_re=2300.0):
+    """Return Nusselt number using Yuan et al.'s laminar/turbulent formulas."""
+    _require_positive("reynolds", reynolds)
+    _require_positive("prandtl", prandtl)
+    _require_positive("transition_re", transition_re)
+
+    if reynolds < transition_re:
+        return 4.36
+
+    f_star = gnielinski_f_star(reynolds)
+    numerator = (f_star / 8.0) * (reynolds - 1000.0) * prandtl
+    denominator = 1.0 + 12.7 * math.sqrt(f_star / 8.0) * (
+        prandtl ** (2.0 / 3.0) - 1.0
+    )
+    if denominator == 0:
+        raise ValueError("Nusselt correlation denominator is zero")
+    return numerator / denominator
+
+
+def heat_transfer_coefficient(
+    nusselt,
+    thermal_conductivity_w_m_k,
+    hydraulic_diameter_m,
+):
+    """Return convective heat-transfer coefficient in W/(m2*K)."""
+    _require_positive("nusselt", nusselt)
+    _require_positive(
+        "thermal_conductivity_w_m_k",
+        thermal_conductivity_w_m_k,
+    )
+    _require_positive("hydraulic_diameter_m", hydraulic_diameter_m)
+    return nusselt * thermal_conductivity_w_m_k / hydraulic_diameter_m
+
+
+def overall_heat_transfer_coefficient(
+    hot_h_w_m2_k,
+    cold_h_w_m2_k,
+    wall_thickness_m,
+    wall_thermal_conductivity_w_m_k,
+):
+    """Return total heat-transfer coefficient K in W/(m2*K)."""
+    _require_positive("hot_h_w_m2_k", hot_h_w_m2_k)
+    _require_positive("cold_h_w_m2_k", cold_h_w_m2_k)
+    _require_positive("wall_thickness_m", wall_thickness_m)
+    _require_positive(
+        "wall_thermal_conductivity_w_m_k",
+        wall_thermal_conductivity_w_m_k,
+    )
+
+    resistance = (
+        1.0 / hot_h_w_m2_k
+        + 1.0 / cold_h_w_m2_k
+        + wall_thickness_m / wall_thermal_conductivity_w_m_k
+    )
+    return 1.0 / resistance
+
+
+def friction_factor(reynolds, transition_re=2300.0):
+    """Return Darcy friction factor from Yuan et al.'s piecewise relation."""
+    _require_positive("reynolds", reynolds)
+    _require_positive("transition_re", transition_re)
+    if reynolds < transition_re:
+        return 64.0 / reynolds
+    return 0.3164 / reynolds**0.25
+
+
+def pressure_drop_pa(
+    friction_factor_value,
+    length_m,
+    hydraulic_diameter_m,
+    density_kg_m3,
+    velocity_m_s,
+):
+    """Return channel pressure drop in Pa."""
+    _require_positive("friction_factor_value", friction_factor_value)
+    _require_positive("length_m", length_m)
+    _require_positive("hydraulic_diameter_m", hydraulic_diameter_m)
+    _require_positive("density_kg_m3", density_kg_m3)
+    _require_positive("velocity_m_s", velocity_m_s)
+
+    return (
+        friction_factor_value
+        * length_m
+        / hydraulic_diameter_m
+        * density_kg_m3
+        * velocity_m_s**2
+        / 2.0
+    )
+
+
 def calculate_turbine_mass(component, Pe=None, A=0.5, **kwargs):
     """Estimate turbine/TAC mass with the empirical TAC formula.
 

brayton_cycle/properties.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class CO2PropertyCalculator():
         self.rp.SETUPdll(2, 'SI', 'SI', 'DEF')
         self.z = [1.0]
         self.mw = self.rp.WMOLdll(self.z)
-    def calculate_properties(self, T=None, P=None, h=None, s=None):
+    def calculate_properties(self, T=None, P=None, h=None, s=None, include_transport=False):
         """计算二氧化碳物性"""
         if T is not None and P is not None:
             # 已知Tp
@@ -62,4 +62,30 @@ class CO2PropertyCalculator():
         properties['D'] = result.D
         properties['cp'] = result.Cp
         properties['cv'] = result.Cv,
+        properties['rho'] = result.D * self.mw
+        properties['cp_mass'] = result.Cp / self.mw * 1000.0
+        properties['cv_mass'] = result.Cv / self.mw * 1000.0
+        if include_transport:
+            self._add_transport_properties(properties, result)
         return properties
+
+    def _add_transport_properties(self, properties, result):
+        """Add CO2 transport properties needed by PCHE correlations."""
+        transport = self.rp.TRNPRPdll(properties['T'], result.D, self.z)
+        if getattr(transport, 'ierr', 0) > 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"REFPROP transport calculation error:{transport.ierr}")
+
+        viscosity_micro_pa_s = getattr(transport, 'eta', None)
+        thermal_conductivity = getattr(transport, 'tcx', None)
+        if viscosity_micro_pa_s is None:
+            viscosity_micro_pa_s = getattr(transport, 'visc', None)
+        if thermal_conductivity is None:
+            thermal_conductivity = getattr(transport, 'tcond', None)
+        if viscosity_micro_pa_s is None or thermal_conductivity is None:
+            raise ValueError("REFPROP transport result missing viscosity or conductivity")
+
+        viscosity_pa_s = viscosity_micro_pa_s * 1.0e-6
+        properties['mu'] = viscosity_pa_s
+        properties['viscosity'] = viscosity_pa_s
+        properties['lambda'] = thermal_conductivity
+        properties['thermal_conductivity'] = thermal_conductivity