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PythonModels/components/resistive_pipe.py

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+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from math import pi
+
+from PythonModels.core.base import AlgebraicComponent
+from PythonModels.core.equations import EquationResidual
+from PythonModels.core.medium import IdealGasMedium
+from PythonModels.core.ports import PortState
+
+
+class ResistivePipe(AlgebraicComponent):
+    """Quasi-steady Darcy resistance used by topology-driven simulation."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        medium: IdealGasMedium,
+        L: float = 5.0,
+        D: float = 0.02,
+        lambda_darcy: float = 0.02,
+        p0: float = 1e5,
+        T0: float = 300.0,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(name=name)
+        self.medium = medium
+        self.L = L
+        self.D = D
+        self.lambda_darcy = lambda_darcy
+        self.p0 = p0
+        self.T0 = T0
+        self.area = pi * D * D / 4.0
+        initial_h = medium.specific_enthalpy(T0)
+
+        self.port_a = PortState.pneumatic("port_a", nominal_role="inlet")
+        self.port_a.p = p0
+        self.port_a.h_outflow = initial_h
+        self.register_port(self.port_a)
+
+        self.port_b = PortState.pneumatic("port_b", nominal_role="outlet")
+        self.port_b.p = p0
+        self.port_b.h_outflow = initial_h
+        self.register_port(self.port_b)
+
+    def pressure_drop(self, m_flow_a: float, p_a: float, p_b: float) -> float:
+        average_pressure = max(0.5 * (p_a + p_b), 1.0)
+        density = max(self.medium.density(average_pressure, self.T0), 1e-12)
+        resistance = self.lambda_darcy * (self.L / self.D)
+        return (
+            resistance
+            * m_flow_a
+            * abs(m_flow_a)
+            / (2.0 * density * self.area * self.area)
+        )
+
+    def pressure_flow_equation_residuals(self) -> tuple[EquationResidual, ...]:
+        return (
+            EquationResidual(
+                id=f"{self.name}:mass_flow_balance",
+                owner="component",
+                owner_id=self.name,
+                relation="sumToZero",
+                variables=(
+                    f"{self.name}.port_a.m_flow",
+                    f"{self.name}.port_b.m_flow",
+                ),
+                role="flow",
+                value=self.port_a.m_flow + self.port_b.m_flow,
+            ),
+            EquationResidual(
+                id=f"{self.name}:darcy_pressure_loss",
+                owner="component",
+                owner_id=self.name,
+                relation="constitutive",
+                variables=(
+                    f"{self.name}.port_a.p",
+                    f"{self.name}.port_b.p",
+                    f"{self.name}.port_a.m_flow",
+                ),
+                role="effort",
+                value=(
+                    self.port_a.p
+                    - self.port_b.p
+                    - self.pressure_drop(
+                        self.port_a.m_flow,
+                        self.port_a.p,
+                        self.port_b.p,
+                    )
+                ),
+            ),
+        )
+
+    def update_stream_outflows(self, connected_h: Mapping[str, float]) -> None:
+        self.port_a.h_outflow = connected_h["port_b"]
+        self.port_b.h_outflow = connected_h["port_a"]